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Grammar: reported speech When you report the things people sat, the verb tense often “shifs back”. Direct speech                                                          Reported speech. 0- José Arias:                                                       he said (that). 1- my goas is to destroy all my car.                     his goal was to destray all his car 2- i want to bary them underground.                   he wanted to bury them underground 3- ...

UNIT 8: Past modals Would have, Should have , Could have. You can use these past modals to talk hypothetically about the past. Image your behavior in a situation: -What would you have done? I would have gone with him. Say what was the right  thing to do: -What should she have done? She should have run faster. Say what other possibilities there were: -What else could she have done? She could have called him. Past modals for speculation        "from internet" You can use these past modals to speculate about the past. Saying you`re sorry (translator) -Grudge: rencor -Ashamed: avergonzada -Pride: orgullo -Hurtful: hiriente -Harm: daño -Phony: falso

Using Past Modal We use past modals to talk about the past hypothetically, to talk about things that really did not happen in the past. Formula: - Should  have + past  participle. - Would have + past participle. - Could have + past participle. Some examples; Positives. - I should have studied harder. -  Some of my classmates should have come early  to Atilanos"s class. -  Keila could have forgotten that we had a quiz today. -  Antonio should have arrived by now, but he has not. - I would have told Darlenys that  i was going to the party. Negatives; - Felix Nova shouldn"t have won the elections. - My best friend is getting fat, she shouldn"t have  eaten so much. - My father wouldn"t  have gone to Santo Domingo. - I shouldn"t have known anything about it.

A conversation using need  + passive infinitive and need + verb + -ing: Josue : Mm, Hello? Julia  : Hello, Josue. It´s Julia. What are you doing? I need your help. Josue : Just finishing to teach. But tell me, What happens? Julia   : I would like to see a soap opera, but my television doesn't want to turn on. Josue : Oh! Maybe the cables need to be adjusted. Julia   : Umm, no. They are ok. Josue : Did you notice the batteries from the control? It's probably need recharging. Julia  : I changed it last week.  Josue : Well, I think the tv needs to be fixed. I'll call my a friend to go to your house for seeing what's happening with your tv. See you. I have to go. Julia   : Thanks Josue! I'll appreciate. See you soon.

Grammar: The past perfect tense The past perfect tense is most often used for the following: 1. For actions that happened before a past event 2. In reported speech 3. In if (conditional) sentences 1. For actions that happened before a past event When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples: When I got home yesterday, my father  had already cooked  dinner. I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I  had seenthe film already . Had  you  seen  the film before? Notice how often words like  already ,  just ,  never  etc., are used with the past perfect. 2. In reported speech The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts as in the following examples: John said that he  had never eaten  sushi before. She told me that she  had finished , but I knew she h...